The Royal Mile is the beating heart of Edinburgh's Old Town, a succession of streets running downhill from the mighty Edinburgh Castle to the elegant Palace of Holyroodhouse. This ancient thoroughfare has been the centre of Scottish life for over five centuries.
The name "Royal Mile" refers not to its length but to the royal residences at each end. The street is actually made up of several sections: Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High Street, and Canongate, each with its own distinct character and history.
Walking the Royal Mile today is a journey through time. Medieval tenements tower overhead, hidden closes snake off into shadowy courtyards, and every few steps reveal another historic building or fascinating story. It's where Scottish royalty, reformers, writers, and ordinary citizens have walked for generations.
Sections of the Royal Mile
Castlehill
The steepest and shortest section, starting at the castle esplanade. Home to the Camera Obscura, The Hub, and the Scotch Whisky Experience. Great views down to the city and the castle looming above.
Lawnmarket
Named for the "land market" once held here. The widest section of the Mile, with impressive tenements and Gladstone's Land. This is where the cloth merchants traded in medieval times.
High Street
The historic and commercial heart, running from St Giles' Cathedral to the Tron Kirk. This is where you'll find the City Chambers, Parliament Square, and the famous Heart of Midlothian mosaic.
Canongate
Once a separate burgh, Canongate has a slightly different character. More residential feel, with the Canongate Kirk, Scottish Parliament, and eventually Holyrood Palace and Arthur's Seat at the end.
Key Landmarks Along the Mile
Edinburgh Castle
Top of the Mile
The iconic fortress crowning Castle Rock. The Royal Mile begins at the castle esplanade.
The Hub (Tolbooth Kirk)
Castlehill
Gothic spire church now serving as Edinburgh Festival headquarters. Highest point on the Royal Mile.
Camera Obscura
Castlehill
Victorian optical illusion attraction with rooftop views. One of Edinburgh's oldest attractions.
Gladstone's Land
Lawnmarket
Beautifully preserved 17th-century merchant's house showing how Old Town residents once lived.
St Giles' Cathedral
High Street
The historic High Kirk of Edinburgh with its distinctive crown steeple. Free entry.
City Chambers
High Street
Edinburgh's city hall, built over Mary King's Close, a preserved 17th-century street.
Tron Kirk
High Street
Historic church now a visitor centre. Traditional gathering place for Hogmanay.
John Knox House
High Street
One of Edinburgh's oldest houses, linked to the Protestant reformer John Knox.
Canongate Kirk
Canongate
17th-century church with a fascinating graveyard including Adam Smith's tomb.
Scottish Parliament
Canongate
Award-winning modern building. Free tours available when parliament isn't sitting.
Palace of Holyroodhouse
Bottom of the Mile
The King's official Scottish residence, where the Royal Mile ends.
Hidden Closes to Explore
The narrow alleyways (closes) leading off the Royal Mile are some of Edinburgh's best hidden treasures. Each has its own story and atmosphere. Here are some worth seeking out:
Advocate's Close
Steep close with views down to Princes Street Gardens and the Scott Monument.
Mary King's Close
Underground preserved streets, now a popular guided tour attraction.
Wardrop's Court
Home to the Writers' Museum in Lady Stair's House.
Bakehouse Close
Featured in Outlander as the print shop where Jamie works.
Dunbar's Close
Hidden garden at the bottom, a peaceful 17th-century-style retreat.
Tweeddale Court
Former headquarters of the British Linen Bank, now publishing offices.
Tips for Walking the Royal Mile
Direction
Start at Edinburgh Castle and walk downhill to Holyrood. It's easier on the legs and you finish near Arthur's Seat for a potential climb.
Take Your Time
Don't rush. Duck into closes, read the plaques, and look up at the buildings. There's history in every corner.
Wear Good Shoes
The cobblestones can be uneven and slippery when wet. Comfortable walking shoes are essential.
Avoid Peak Times
The Mile gets very busy in summer and during festivals. Early morning or evening offers a more atmospheric experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long is the Royal Mile?
The Royal Mile is approximately one Scots mile (1.8 km or 1.1 English miles) from Edinburgh Castle to Holyrood Palace. A leisurely walk takes 20-30 minutes without stops, but allow 2-3 hours to explore properly.
Is the Royal Mile free to walk?
Yes, walking the Royal Mile is completely free. Individual attractions along the way have their own admission charges, but many landmarks can be enjoyed from outside for free.
What are the 'closes' on the Royal Mile?
Closes are narrow alleyways leading off the main street, originally providing access to the tall tenement buildings. Some are public thoroughfares, others are private. They often have fascinating names and hidden courtyards.
Is the Royal Mile uphill or downhill?
It depends which way you're walking! Edinburgh Castle sits at the top (west end), Holyrood Palace at the bottom (east end). Most visitors walk downhill from the castle, but both directions have their appeal.
What is the best time to visit the Royal Mile?
Early morning (before 9am) is quietest. Midday to afternoon sees peak crowds, especially in summer and during festivals. Evening brings a different atmosphere with restaurant and pub activity.
Is the Royal Mile good for shopping?
Yes, you'll find everything from tartan shops and whisky stores to bookshops and Scottish crafts. Quality varies - the upper sections tend to be more tourist-oriented, with better independent shops further down.