The Grassmarket is one of Edinburgh's most beloved locations—a large open square in the shadow of the castle, lined with historic pubs, restaurants, and independent shops. Its dramatic setting and dark history make it utterly unique.
For centuries this was Edinburgh's main livestock market, with traders bringing cattle and horses from across Scotland. But the Grassmarket is equally known for its role as the city's execution ground—the gallows stood at the east end, and over 100 religious martyrs were hanged here, along with countless criminals.
Today, the Grassmarket has transformed into one of Edinburgh's most popular destinations. The historic pubs remain, many with names referencing the area's grim past (The Last Drop, Maggie Dickson's), while modern restaurants, boutiques, and cafes give it a vibrant, cosmopolitan feel. And always, Edinburgh Castle watches over it all from the cliffs above.
What to See & Do
Castle Views
The Grassmarket offers one of the most dramatic views of Edinburgh Castle, towering on the cliffs above. Spectacular by day and illuminated at night.
Historic Pubs
Some of Edinburgh's oldest and most atmospheric pubs line the square. Traditional taverns with centuries of history and character.
Dark History
Site of public executions for over 400 years. A memorial marks where the gallows stood. Fascinating guided tours tell the gruesome stories.
Restaurants & Cafes
Excellent dining options from traditional Scottish to international cuisine. Outdoor seating lets you enjoy the atmosphere in good weather.
Independent Shops
Quirky boutiques, vintage stores, and craft shops. Less touristy than the Royal Mile with more unique finds.
Nightlife Hub
Comes alive after dark with pubs, bars, and live music venues. One of Edinburgh's most popular areas for an evening out.
Things to Do
- ✓Watch the sunset behind Edinburgh Castle from the square
- ✓Have a pint in one of the historic pubs
- ✓Join a ghost tour starting from the Grassmarket
- ✓Browse the independent shops and boutiques
- ✓Visit on a Saturday for the farmers' market atmosphere
- ✓Walk up Victoria Street for photos and shopping
- ✓Try traditional Scottish food at one of the restaurants
- ✓See the Covenanters Memorial and learn the dark history
History of the Grassmarket
Market Established
The Grassmarket was established as Edinburgh's main cattle and horse market, with traders coming from across Scotland.
Public Executions
Over 100 Covenanters and countless criminals were hanged here. The gallows stood at the east end where a memorial cross now stands.
Porteous Riots
Captain Porteous was lynched by a mob after ordering soldiers to fire on crowds. One of Edinburgh's most famous incidents.
Burke & Hare
The notorious body snatchers operated from the area, murdering victims to sell to the medical school. Hare's lodging house was nearby.
Regeneration
Transformed from a rough area to a popular destination with cafes, restaurants, and tourist-friendly pubs.
Vibrant Square
One of Edinburgh's most atmospheric locations, balancing its dark history with lively modern hospitality.
Visitor Tips
- ✓Evening visits offer castle illumination and great atmosphere
- ✓Weekend nights can be very busy - come earlier if you want a table
- ✓The cobbles are uneven - wear comfortable shoes
- ✓Many pubs serve food as well as drinks
- ✓Victoria Street connects the Grassmarket to the Royal Mile
- ✓The memorial cross marks where the gallows once stood
- ✓Castle views are best from the south side of the square
- ✓Join a ghost tour for the best dark history stories
Getting There
From Royal Mile
Walk down Victoria Street (the colourful curved street) or take George IV Bridge and turn left. About 5-10 minutes walk.
From Princes Street
Walk up the Mound, through the Old Town, and down Victoria Street or the Vennel steps. About 15 minutes walk.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Grassmarket famous for?
The Grassmarket is famous for its dramatic views of Edinburgh Castle, historic pubs, dark execution history, and vibrant atmosphere. It was Edinburgh's main cattle market for centuries and later the site of public hangings.
Is the Grassmarket worth visiting?
Absolutely. The combination of stunning castle views, historic atmosphere, excellent pubs and restaurants, and fascinating dark history makes it one of Edinburgh's must-visit areas. Great for day or evening visits.
What pubs are in the Grassmarket?
The Grassmarket has numerous historic pubs including The Last Drop (named for the gallows), Maggie Dickson's (named after a woman who survived hanging), The White Hart Inn (one of Edinburgh's oldest), and many more.
How do I get to the Grassmarket from the Royal Mile?
Walk down Victoria Street or George IV Bridge, both of which lead to the Grassmarket. It's about a 5-10 minute walk from the Royal Mile. You can also take steps down from the castle esplanade area.
What is the Grassmarket memorial?
The Covenanters Memorial (a St Andrew's Cross) marks where the gallows stood. It commemorates over 100 Covenanters executed here between 1661-1688 for their religious beliefs.
Is the Grassmarket safe at night?
Yes, the Grassmarket is generally safe and busy with people enjoying the pubs and restaurants. As with any nightlife area, be aware of your surroundings late at night, particularly at weekends.
Are there tours of the Grassmarket?
Yes, many walking tours include the Grassmarket, especially ghost tours and history tours. You'll learn about the executions, Burke and Hare, and the area's dark past.
Is there parking at the Grassmarket?
There's limited on-street parking and a car park at Castle Terrace nearby. The area is largely pedestrianised. It's easier to walk from the city centre.